pub trait Display {
// Required method
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>;
}Expand description
Format trait for an empty format, {}.
Implementing this trait for a type will automatically implement the
ToString trait for the type, allowing the usage
of the .to_string() method. Prefer implementing
the Display trait for a type, rather than ToString.
Display is similar to Debug, but Display is for user-facing
output, and so cannot be derived.
For more information on formatters, see the module-level documentation.
§Completeness and parseability
Display for a type might not necessarily be a lossless or complete representation of the type.
It may omit internal state, precision, or other information the type does not consider important
for user-facing output, as determined by the type. As such, the output of Display might not be
possible to parse, and even if it is, the result of parsing might not exactly match the original
value.
However, if a type has a lossless Display implementation whose output is meant to be
conveniently machine-parseable and not just meant for human consumption, then the type may wish
to accept the same format in FromStr, and document that usage. Having both Display and
FromStr implementations where the result of Display cannot be parsed with FromStr may
surprise users.
§Internationalization
Because a type can only have one Display implementation, it is often preferable
to only implement Display when there is a single most “obvious” way that
values can be formatted as text. This could mean formatting according to the
“invariant” culture and “undefined” locale, or it could mean that the type
display is designed for a specific culture/locale, such as developer logs.
If not all values have a justifiably canonical textual format or if you want
to support alternative formats not covered by the standard set of possible
formatting traits, the most flexible approach is display adapters: methods
like str::escape_default or Path::display which create a wrapper
implementing Display to output the specific display format.
§Examples
Implementing Display on a type:
use std::fmt;
struct Point {
x: i32,
y: i32,
}
impl fmt::Display for Point {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "({}, {})", self.x, self.y)
}
}
let origin = Point { x: 0, y: 0 };
assert_eq!(format!("The origin is: {origin}"), "The origin is: (0, 0)");Required Methods§
1.0.0 · Sourcefn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>
Formats the value using the given formatter.
§Errors
This function should return Err if, and only if, the provided Formatter returns Err.
String formatting is considered an infallible operation; this function only
returns a Result because writing to the underlying stream might fail and it must
provide a way to propagate the fact that an error has occurred back up the stack.
§Examples
use std::fmt;
struct Position {
longitude: f32,
latitude: f32,
}
impl fmt::Display for Position {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "({}, {})", self.longitude, self.latitude)
}
}
assert_eq!(
"(1.987, 2.983)",
format!("{}", Position { longitude: 1.987, latitude: 2.983, }),
);Implementors§
impl Display for AsciiChar
impl Display for Infallible
impl Display for FromBytesWithNulError
impl Display for IpAddr
impl Display for SocketAddr
impl Display for starnix_uapi::arch32::__static_assertions::_core::slice::GetDisjointMutError
impl Display for VarError
impl Display for std::fs::TryLockError
impl Display for ErrorKind
impl Display for std::sync::mpsc::RecvTimeoutError
impl Display for std::sync::mpsc::TryRecvError
impl Display for RoundingError
impl Display for Weekday
impl Display for Level
impl Display for LevelFilter
impl Display for serde_json::value::Value
impl Display for url::parser::ParseError
impl Display for SyntaxViolation
impl Display for BigEndian
impl Display for LittleEndian
impl Display for bool
impl Display for char
impl Display for f16
impl Display for f32
impl Display for f64
impl Display for i8
impl Display for i16
impl Display for i32
impl Display for i64
impl Display for i128
impl Display for isize
impl Display for !
impl Display for str
impl Display for u8
impl Display for u16
impl Display for u32
impl Display for u64
impl Display for u128
impl Display for usize
impl Display for DeviceType
impl Display for Errno
impl Display for ErrnoCode
impl Display for MountFlags
impl Display for Signal
impl Display for UserAddress
impl Display for AllocError
impl Display for LayoutError
impl Display for TryFromSliceError
impl Display for starnix_uapi::arch32::__static_assertions::_core::ascii::EscapeDefault
impl Display for ByteStr
impl Display for BorrowError
impl Display for BorrowMutError
impl Display for CharTryFromError
impl Display for DecodeUtf16Error
impl Display for starnix_uapi::arch32::__static_assertions::_core::char::EscapeDebug
impl Display for starnix_uapi::arch32::__static_assertions::_core::char::EscapeDefault
impl Display for starnix_uapi::arch32::__static_assertions::_core::char::EscapeUnicode
impl Display for ParseCharError
impl Display for ToLowercase
impl Display for ToUppercase
impl Display for TryFromCharError
impl Display for FromBytesUntilNulError
impl Display for AddrParseError
impl Display for Ipv4Addr
impl Display for Ipv6Addr
Writes an Ipv6Addr, conforming to the canonical style described by RFC 5952.
impl Display for SocketAddrV4
impl Display for SocketAddrV6
impl Display for starnix_uapi::arch32::__static_assertions::_core::num::ParseFloatError
impl Display for ParseIntError
impl Display for TryFromIntError
impl Display for Location<'_>
impl Display for PanicInfo<'_>
impl Display for PanicMessage<'_>
impl Display for ParseBoolError
impl Display for starnix_uapi::arch32::__static_assertions::_core::str::Utf8Error
impl Display for TryFromFloatSecsError
impl Display for ByteString
impl Display for UnorderedKeyError
impl Display for TryReserveError
impl Display for FromVecWithNulError
impl Display for IntoStringError
impl Display for NulError
impl Display for alloc::string::FromUtf8Error
impl Display for FromUtf16Error
impl Display for String
impl Display for Backtrace
impl Display for JoinPathsError
impl Display for std::ffi::os_str::Display<'_>
impl Display for WriterPanicked
impl Display for std::io::error::Error
impl Display for PanicHookInfo<'_>
impl Display for std::path::Display<'_>
impl Display for NormalizeError
impl Display for StripPrefixError
impl Display for ExitStatus
impl Display for ExitStatusError
impl Display for std::sync::mpsc::RecvError
impl Display for WouldBlock
impl Display for AccessError
impl Display for SystemTimeError
impl Display for anyhow::Error
impl Display for chrono::format::ParseError
impl Display for ParseMonthError
impl Display for NaiveDate
The Display output of the naive date d is the same as
d.format("%Y-%m-%d").
The string printed can be readily parsed via the parse method on str.
§Example
use chrono::NaiveDate;
assert_eq!(format!("{}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 5).unwrap()), "2015-09-05");
assert_eq!(format!("{}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(0, 1, 1).unwrap()), "0000-01-01");
assert_eq!(format!("{}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(9999, 12, 31).unwrap()), "9999-12-31");ISO 8601 requires an explicit sign for years before 1 BCE or after 9999 CE.
assert_eq!(format!("{}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(-1, 1, 1).unwrap()), "-0001-01-01");
assert_eq!(format!("{}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(10000, 12, 31).unwrap()), "+10000-12-31");impl Display for NaiveDateTime
The Display output of the naive date and time dt is the same as
dt.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.f").
It should be noted that, for leap seconds not on the minute boundary, it may print a representation not distinguishable from non-leap seconds. This doesn’t matter in practice, since such leap seconds never happened. (By the time of the first leap second on 1972-06-30, every time zone offset around the world has standardized to the 5-minute alignment.)
§Example
use chrono::NaiveDate;
let dt = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 11, 15).unwrap().and_hms_opt(7, 39, 24).unwrap();
assert_eq!(format!("{}", dt), "2016-11-15 07:39:24");Leap seconds may also be used.
let dt =
NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 6, 30).unwrap().and_hms_milli_opt(23, 59, 59, 1_500).unwrap();
assert_eq!(format!("{}", dt), "2015-06-30 23:59:60.500");impl Display for NaiveTime
The Display output of the naive time t is the same as
t.format("%H:%M:%S%.f").
The string printed can be readily parsed via the parse method on str.
It should be noted that, for leap seconds not on the minute boundary, it may print a representation not distinguishable from non-leap seconds. This doesn’t matter in practice, since such leap seconds never happened. (By the time of the first leap second on 1972-06-30, every time zone offset around the world has standardized to the 5-minute alignment.)
§Example
use chrono::NaiveTime;
assert_eq!(format!("{}", NaiveTime::from_hms_opt(23, 56, 4).unwrap()), "23:56:04");
assert_eq!(
format!("{}", NaiveTime::from_hms_milli_opt(23, 56, 4, 12).unwrap()),
"23:56:04.012"
);
assert_eq!(
format!("{}", NaiveTime::from_hms_micro_opt(23, 56, 4, 1234).unwrap()),
"23:56:04.001234"
);
assert_eq!(
format!("{}", NaiveTime::from_hms_nano_opt(23, 56, 4, 123456).unwrap()),
"23:56:04.000123456"
);Leap seconds may also be used.
assert_eq!(
format!("{}", NaiveTime::from_hms_milli_opt(6, 59, 59, 1_500).unwrap()),
"06:59:60.500"
);impl Display for FixedOffset
impl Display for Utc
impl Display for OutOfRange
impl Display for OutOfRangeError
impl Display for TimeDelta
impl Display for ParseWeekdayError
impl Display for WeekdaySet
Print the collection as a slice-like list of weekdays.
§Example
use chrono::Weekday::*;
assert_eq!("[]", WeekdaySet::EMPTY.to_string());
assert_eq!("[Mon]", WeekdaySet::single(Mon).to_string());
assert_eq!("[Mon, Fri, Sun]", WeekdaySet::from_array([Mon, Fri, Sun]).to_string());impl Display for log::kv::error::Error
impl Display for ParseLevelError
impl Display for SetLoggerError
impl Display for num_traits::ParseFloatError
impl Display for serde_core::de::value::Error
impl Display for serde_json::error::Error
impl Display for Number
impl Display for url::Url
Display the serialization of this URL.
impl Display for bitflags::parser::ParseError
impl Display for BStr
impl Display for BString
impl Display for bstr::ext_vec::FromUtf8Error
impl Display for bstr::utf8::Utf8Error
impl Display for BugRef
impl Display for Status
impl Display for Arguments<'_>
impl Display for starnix_uapi::arch32::__static_assertions::_core::fmt::Error
impl Display for UserCString
impl Display for Aborted
impl Display for Availability
impl Display for AvailabilityList
impl Display for BlockIndex
impl Display for BlockType
impl Display for BorrowedChildName
impl Display for BorrowedSeparatedPath<'_>
impl Display for Canceled
impl Display for CapabilityTypeName
impl Display for ChildName
impl Display for ChildRef
impl Display for CollectionAllocErr
impl Display for ConfigSingleValue
impl Display for ConfigValue
impl Display for ConfigVectorValue
impl Display for DeclField
impl Display for DeclType
impl Display for DecodeError
impl Display for DecodeSliceError
impl Display for DeliveryType
impl Display for DependencyNode
impl Display for EncodeSliceError
impl Display for EnterError
impl Display for Error
impl Display for Error
impl Display for Error
impl Display for Error
impl Display for Error
impl Display for Error
impl Display for Error
impl Display for Error
impl Display for ErrorList
impl Display for Errors
impl Display for ExposeSource
impl Display for ExposeTarget
impl Display for ExtendedMoniker
impl Display for FlyByteStr
impl Display for FlyStr
impl Display for GetDisjointMutError
impl Display for GetTimezoneError
impl Display for HandleInfoError
impl Display for InvalidThreadAccess
impl Display for Moniker
impl Display for MonikerError
impl Display for Name
impl Display for Name
impl Display for NamespacePath
impl Display for OfferSource
impl Display for OfferTarget
impl Display for ParseAlphabetError
impl Display for ParseError
impl Display for ParseError
impl Display for ParseError
std only.impl Display for ParseNameError
impl Display for Path
impl Display for ReaderError
impl Display for RecvError
impl Display for RecvTimeoutError
impl Display for RelativePath
impl Display for SelectTimeoutError
impl Display for SendError
impl Display for SeparatedPath
impl Display for SpawnError
impl Display for TransportError
impl Display for TryRecvError
impl Display for TryRecvError
impl Display for TrySelectError
impl Display for Url
impl Display for UrlScheme
impl Display for UseSource
impl Display for ValidationError
impl Display for dyn Expected + '_
impl<'a> Display for Unexpected<'a>
impl<'a> Display for EscapeAscii<'a>
impl<'a> Display for starnix_uapi::arch32::__static_assertions::_core::str::EscapeDebug<'a>
impl<'a> Display for starnix_uapi::arch32::__static_assertions::_core::str::EscapeDefault<'a>
impl<'a> Display for starnix_uapi::arch32::__static_assertions::_core::str::EscapeUnicode<'a>
impl<'a> Display for EscapeBytes<'a>
impl<'a> Display for PercentEncode<'a>
impl<'a, 'e, E> Display for Base64Display<'a, 'e, E>where
E: Engine,
impl<'a, I> Display for Format<'a, I>
impl<'a, I, B> Display for DelayedFormat<I>
alloc only.impl<'a, K, V> Display for std::collections::hash::map::OccupiedError<'a, K, V>
impl<'a, K, V, A> Display for alloc::collections::btree::map::entry::OccupiedError<'a, K, V, A>
impl<'a, K, V, S, A> Display for OccupiedError<'a, K, V, S, A>
impl<'a, R, G, T> Display for MappedReentrantMutexGuard<'a, R, G, T>
impl<'a, R, G, T> Display for ReentrantMutexGuard<'a, R, G, T>
impl<'a, R, T> Display for MappedMutexGuard<'a, R, T>
impl<'a, R, T> Display for MappedRwLockReadGuard<'a, R, T>
impl<'a, R, T> Display for MappedRwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T>
impl<'a, R, T> Display for MutexGuard<'a, R, T>
impl<'a, R, T> Display for RwLockReadGuard<'a, R, T>
impl<'a, R, T> Display for RwLockUpgradableReadGuard<'a, R, T>
impl<'a, R, T> Display for RwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T>
impl<'k> Display for Key<'k>
impl<'s, T> Display for SliceVec<'s, T>where
T: Display,
impl<'v> Display for log::kv::value::Value<'v>
impl<A> Display for ArrayVec<A>where
A: Array,
<A as Array>::Item: Display,
impl<A> Display for TinyVec<A>where
A: Array,
<A as Array>::Item: Display,
impl<A, S, V> Display for ConvertError<A, S, V>
Produces a human-readable error message.
The message differs between debug and release builds. When
debug_assertions are enabled, this message is verbose and includes
potentially sensitive information.
impl<B> Display for Cow<'_, B>
impl<E> Display for Report<E>where
E: Error,
impl<E> Display for Err<E>where
E: Debug,
impl<F> Display for FromFn<F>
impl<I> Display for Decompositions<I>
impl<I> Display for Error<I>where
I: Display,
The Display implementation allows the std::error::Error implementation
impl<I> Display for ExactlyOneError<I>where
I: Iterator,
impl<I> Display for Recompositions<I>
impl<I> Display for Replacements<I>
impl<I> Display for VerboseError<I>where
I: Display,
impl<I, F> Display for FormatWith<'_, I, F>
impl<K> Display for Property<K>
impl<L, R> Display for Either<L, R>
impl<O> Display for F32<O>where
O: ByteOrder,
impl<O> Display for F64<O>where
O: ByteOrder,
impl<O> Display for I16<O>where
O: ByteOrder,
impl<O> Display for I32<O>where
O: ByteOrder,
impl<O> Display for I64<O>where
O: ByteOrder,
impl<O> Display for I128<O>where
O: ByteOrder,
impl<O> Display for Isize<O>where
O: ByteOrder,
impl<O> Display for U16<O>where
O: ByteOrder,
impl<O> Display for U32<O>where
O: ByteOrder,
impl<O> Display for U64<O>where
O: ByteOrder,
impl<O> Display for U128<O>where
O: ByteOrder,
impl<O> Display for Usize<O>where
O: ByteOrder,
impl<Ptr> Display for Pin<Ptr>where
Ptr: Display,
impl<S> Display for Host<S>
impl<Src, Dst> Display for AlignmentError<Src, Dst>
Produces a human-readable error message.
The message differs between debug and release builds. When
debug_assertions are enabled, this message is verbose and includes
potentially sensitive information.
impl<Src, Dst> Display for SizeError<Src, Dst>
Produces a human-readable error message.
The message differs between debug and release builds. When
debug_assertions are enabled, this message is verbose and includes
potentially sensitive information.
impl<Src, Dst> Display for ValidityError<Src, Dst>
Produces a human-readable error message.
The message differs between debug and release builds. When
debug_assertions are enabled, this message is verbose and includes
potentially sensitive information.